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e was born in İzmir in 1884 and completed his preliminary schooling in Sivas and then graduated from Military Highschool. He was graduated from Army War School in 1903 and War Academy in 1906 later worked in different levels of the army.

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e was involved in suppressing Yemen upraisals in between 1910 and 1913. His successes were noticed by his superiors in such duties, border problems and in the agreements made between sides. During the World War I, he worked as Commander of Corps in the Caucasus Front under the command of Atatürk, a friend from the school time, and commons opinion about the state was improved. He faught at Syrian front; during the National Strife, worked with Atatürk as a close friend. He was chosen as member of parliament from Edirne, and worked as minister. Colonel İsmet Bey, while having the duties of MP and ministership, he was assigned to the Command of Western Front and suppressed the Çerkez Ethem upraisal after 25 October 1920. He was Commander-in-Charge of first and second İnönü Battles. Promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. Upon the victories gained in Sakarya Field War and General Salvation, he represented the Grand National Assembly in the Mudanya Treaty. He was involved in the Lausanne Treaty as Minister of Foreign Affairs and the head of the team for the treaty. He signed the Lausanne Agreement on 24 July 1923.

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e took the duty of Priminister after in the first government of the Republic of Turkey in between of 1923 and 1937. İnönü was a great help to Atatürk in founding the republic and reforms of the republic. After the death of Atatürk in 1938, he was chosen as the second president of Turkish Republic by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. During World War II, he was successful to keep Turkey out of the war and, after the war, he initiated and supported multi-party political regime. After loosing the elections in 1950, he continued his political life as Opposition Party Leader until 1960. After the 27 May Operation, he was chosen to Founding Committee and was assigned as priminister on 10 November 1961. From 1965 on, he survived his political life as a member of parliament and, in 1972, resigned from the leadership of the party of membership of parliament, and, acted as natural member of Republic Senate according to the Constitution until he died on 25 December 1973.